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Anesthesia (Narcosis)

Anesthesia is the numbing method applied to reduce or eliminate the patient’s pain in the operations of ENT and other surgical branches. Anesthesia is divided into two.

  • General Anesthesia
  • Local Anesthesia

General Anesthesia: It is the patient’s loss of consciousness by being completely anesthetized, and in this way, the operations are performed without the sense of pain. Drugs used for general anesthesia are given by inhalation or intravenously. Generally, surgeries are performed with drugs given intravenously. In the meantime, the patient’s muscles are relaxed by giving muscle relaxants and the surgery can be performed more comfortably. During general anesthesia, the patient’s breathing must be provided. For this purpose, a tube called an intubation tube is inserted into the patient’s respiratory tract and the patient is allowed to breathe through this tube. Although this tube is usually inserted through the mouth, it can sometimes be inserted through the nose or, more rarely, by making a hole in the neck (tracheotomy) of the airway.

During general anesthesia, it is necessary to follow some criteria to evaluate the patient’s condition. For this purpose, other criteria are followed according to the pulse rate, heart rhythm, oxygen rate in the blood, respiratory rate, blood pressure monitoring, whether both lungs participate in breathing and the nature of the surgery performed.

Although there are developments in both anesthesia drugs and anesthesia devices every day, anesthesia definitely has some risks. There is a very low risk of unexplained death. Apart from this, it may be due to a situation such as the delayed removal of the anesthetic drugs from the body. General anesthesia is given by anesthesiologists. Some tests are done before anesthesia. The normal results of these tests do not reset the risk of anesthetic drugs. The type of examinations to be performed are determined according to the age of the patient, the surgery performed, the preference of the anesthesiologist and other diseases of the patient. After the operation performed under general anesthesia, the patient should be followed up. Oral food intake is prohibited for 5-6 hours. The surgeon and the anesthesiologist decide together when to be discharged.

Local Anesthesia: It is anesthetizing a certain part of the body. The patient is conscious. A drowsiness may occur if sedatives are also given before anesthesia. There are also types of local anesthesia. The most commonly used are

  • Topical Anesthesia: It is the application of anesthetic drugs in the form of spray, liquid or cream to the surgical surgeon. It is mostly used for nose surgeries in ENT surgeries. Anesthesia is provided with anesthesia drugs applied in the form of a spray into the nose or in the form of liquid impregnated with cotton. Although the duration of action of the anesthetic drug varies according to the drug given, it is usually between 45 minutes and 1.5 hours.
  • Infiltration Anesthesia: It is the injection of anesthetic drug into the surgical surgeon with a needle. It is also frequently used in ENT surgeries. Infiltration anesthesia can be given during nose surgeries, tonsil surgeries, and removal of cysts or glands from the skin. Anesthesia lasts for 1-3 hours.
  • Spinal Anesthesia: It is anesthetizing the nerves passing through the spine by administering anesthetic drugs. Complete anesthesia is provided below the given level. It is not used for Ear Nose Throat surgeries.
  • The most important risk of local anesthesia is allergic reaction to the drugs given. Therefore, it should be applied in hospital conditions. In addition, if the given anesthetic drugs are given to areas outside the operation area, there may be undesirable results.

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